Fluid-pressure engine.



No: 844,437. PATENTBD FEB. 19, 1907.

- J. H. ALLEN & 'I'. VIGKERS.

FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' "'(llllllll PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

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m L un APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2,1904.

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PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

J. H. ALLEN 6: T. VICKERS. FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W J w UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN H. ALLEN AND THOMAS VICKERS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

Application filed June 2, 1904- Serial No. 210,780.

.0 all whmn it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JOHN H. ALLEN and THOMAS VICKERS, citizens of the United States, residing at the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, county of Kings, State of New York, and the borough of the Bronx, city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates to fluid-pressure engines, and is particularly applicable to machines employing fluid-pressure-actuated hammers, such as rivetingmachines; and the ob'ects of the invention are to provide a reliable, simple, and economical machine 01 the described class in which the action of the valve controlling the reciprocation of the tool-operating piston is automatic and is controlled by [luid-pressure in both directions.

Further objects of the invention will ap pear from the following specification.

iVe will now describe the construction shown in the accompanying drawings and embodying our invention and will thereafter point out our invention in claims.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a riveting-machine in connection with which the invention is particularly applicable. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail side elevation of the fluid-pressure cylinder for operating the hammer and also shows the parts immediately in connection with the pressure-cylinder, all of these parts being shown at the completion of a riveting operation. Fig. 3 is a detail end elevation of the supporting-socket for the pressure-cylinder. Fig. 4 is a detail end elevation of the clamphcad at the plate-engaging end of the pres sure-cylinder. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are detail sectional views of the fluid-pressure cylinder, valve-chest, and valve, the parts being in three different positions.

Referring to Fig. 1, a riveting-machine is shown comprising a pair of tongs composed of members or levers a b, suitably pivoted to- "ether and suitably supported in any welliZnOWIl or convenient manner. The short arms of the levers of the tongs are equipped with a fluid-pressure-actuating device, such as c, for opening and closing the long arms of the tongs. This actuating device and parts connected therewith are of the well-known construction of Allen riveting-machine.

The fluid-pressure cylinder (1 is supported on one of the long arms of the tongs a b by suitable means, (shown more in detail in Figs. 2 and 3,) the lever at having affixed to its outer end an end member 6, which is provided with a bore to receive a stud e, projecting outwardly from the lever a and entering the bore thereof. The end member 6 is provided with a base-flange 6 which is placed against the flange 6 at the end of the arm 0 and around its. stud 6, these two flanges being firn': ly and rigidly secured together by nieans of fastening-bolts c. This neans of attachment holds the end in ember and parts supported thereby firnly in position against detachir. out, while the stud e, entering the end member, stiffens the latter and takes up the lateral strains. The end member e is provided with a split socket f, preferably circular in form, and the two portions formed by splitting the socket are provided with outwardly-extending ears j", through which passes a clainping-bolt f The two portions of the socket are of a springy nature, and the clamping-bolt f clamps the same firntly upon the extension portion d of the fluid-pressure cylinder d, which passes therethrough, and which, to correspond therewith, is of circular form. By loosening the boltf the pressure of the clamp on the cylinder is relieved and the cylinder may be turned on its axis and adjusted to any position and fixed in that position by retightening the bolt f Between the extension d and the main body (1 of the pressure-cylinder is located. a shoulder (1 which abuts against one side of the socket f, the extension (1 being long enough to protrude a suitable distance beyond the opposite side of the socket. The protruding portion of the cylinder extension it receives a clamp-head, such as g, which is shown in and elevation in Fig. 4, which clamphead is also split at one side and is there rovided with ears or lugs g, through w ich )asses a tightening-bolt 9 The bolt 9 binds the clamp-head g firmly upon the protruding end of the cylinder extension, and, in connection with the shoulder at the opposite side of the socket f, assists in retaining the fluid-pressure cylinder rigidly in position. The upper surface of the clamp-head g bears upon the under surface of the split socket f, and the bottom of the clampead g bears no upon the work which is to be riveted, whereby the clamp-head 9 receives all the thrust existing between the split socket and the work, thus relieving the fluid-pressure cylinder d of such thrust. In. place of the clamphcad git is evident that other suitable means may be provided. It is desirable to taper the outer end, or that end of the clamp-head g which is to bear directly upon the surface of one of the plates to be riveted, and to provide the same with sight-openings 9 so that the riveting or other operation which takes place may be viewed. The lever l) of the tongs of the rivetingm'iachine is provided with an opposing weight It in a well-known manner, which opposes the blows or concussions produced by the 11311111191 operated by the fluid in the fluid-pressure cylinder, and is adapted to receive interchangeable dies, such as h, to hold the headed end of the rivet during the riveting operation.

The means for actuating the tooloperating piston i, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 in detail, will now be described. The piston is provided with a piston rod or shank 1', forming an extension or hammer end thereof. The valve for controlling the pressure-actuated movement of the piston i is automatic in its action, being acted upon by fluid-pressure in both directions of its movement. The form of the valve is of the differential type for the purpose of making use of differential )ressures, which. are in part controlled from t is piston. The valve-chest j is provided at one side with a pressure-fluid inlet 7', which communicates with a branch passage jione leg of which, jiextends to one side of the inlet j, and the other leg 7' to the o positc side. Between the legs 3' j and the branch passage there extend from the valve chamber the fluid pressure supply channels or passages 7c is, which lead, respectively, to opposite ends of the fluid-pressure cylinder and at opposite ends of the piston or piston-head 'i. The su iply-ehannel k extends to a longitudinal recess or groove k located at that end of the fluid-pressure cylinder ad'accnt its extension. The supply channel c communicates with a small annular recess or groove is in the opposite end of the fluid-pressure cylinder. Intermediate of the channels or passages 1c is is an exhaust channel or passage Z, leading to an exhaustoutlet Z. The valve which is guided in the valve chest or box comprises a valvc-stem m, one end of which is extended be *ond the valve-heads and protrudes throng and is guided in an air-mlet n at one end. of the valve-chest for manual operation of the valve in lubricatingor atstarting should it not be properly lubricated. Upon the valve-stem m are located and suitably disposed the valve-heads 0, 0, 0 and 0 respectively, four in number, and the air-inlet opening a places the outer face of the valve-head 0 in constant communication with the 'atmos pheric air. The intermediate valve-heads 0 and o", with their four surfaces, furnish the active valves for controlling the communication between the fluid-pressure supply and the passages or channels it and A", on the one hand to supply fluidnessure to the fluidprcssure cylinder and on the other hand to connect the said passages or channels with the exhaust. The head. 0 constitutes a valveshifting head, and lluid-pressure acts upon both faces thereof, as will appear hereinafter. The fourth valve-head 0 is also a valve-shifting head, and fluid-pressure acts only upon the inner or lower surface thereof. it will be seen, therefore, that there are seven surfaces on these valve-heads which. are acted upon by iluidpressure. The pressure on four of the surfaces is balanced, as is cvidentna1nely, the pressure on the adjacent faces of the heads 0 and 0 and the pressure upon the adjacent faces of the heads 0 and 0. The pressure on these faces may hence be ignored in the understanding of the differential features of the in vention, which reside mainly in connection with the heads 0 and 0 The valve-head 0 is of less diameter than either of the other three heads, which are of equal diameter, and it is guided in a smaller extension of the chamber of the valve-chest, which is referably formed as by a bushing p, suita )ly secured in that end of the valve-chest adjacent the air-inlet m. The space of the valvech amber which is between the outer or lower face of the valve-head 0 and the adjacent end wall of the said chamber is at intervals placed in connection alternately with the outer air and with the fluid-prcssure cylinder d. The means of communication is an opening q in the adjacent wall of the valve-chamber, from which branch in o posite directions ducts r r", respectively, t ie former leading to an opening or port 7 in. the inner wall of the cylinder d and the latter leading to an openin or port 7 in the inner wall of the extension of the cylinder. The port r is located inter mediate of the cylinder extremities and the channels or passages k k.

Having described the construction of the parts shown in the drawin s, the operation of the form of valve-controlling means shown will now be described.

The piston and the valve are assumed to be at the outset and when the fluid-pressure is first let on in the lower position. (Shown in Fig. 5.) Compressed air or steam being now admitted in the well-known manner through the inlet-opening j passes into the branch passages 7' 7' and into those portions of the chamber valve-chest which are located between the adjacent faces of the valve-heads 0 0 and 0 0 It will be understood that the ressure on the equal adjacent faces of the lieads 0 0 is balanced, Whereas there is a differential pressure on the adjacentfaces of valve-chest by way of the passage 9' and pass through the passage or channel 1c into the fluid-pressure cylinder and will pass, by way of duct 0", from the fluid-pressure cylinder into 7 lower or outer end of the i the space at the valve-head 0 and will overcome the differential pressure which tends to hold the valve down and will reciprocate the valve into the upper position, (shown in Fig. 6,) thereby l I l l l shutting off conumlnicatirm between the ilUb'i to either end of the cylinder, means conchannel or passage /c and the fluid-pressure inlet and establishing communication between the inlet and branch passage and the channel or passage k. Fluid-pressure being thereby let in under the pistoni or at that end adjoining its extension t the piston will be raised. It will be observed that pressure fluid which has been admitted into the space and duct controlled by the duct 7* will be entrapped therein as soon as the outer end of the piston passes the port r. This pressure holds the valve in the upper position (indicated in Fig. 6) until it is to be reciprocated in the opposite direction. Now as the piston i moves upward its extension i is caused to pass and open the port 1, thereby permitting the fluid pressure stored within the ducts r r and the space controlled thereby to escape into the surrounding air, thereby relieving the pressure on the lower or outer face of the valve-head o. This pressure being relieved, the valve is immediately reciprocated into the lower position (shown in Pig. 7) due to the effect of differential pressures on the adjacent faces of the valve-heads 0 0 In point of fact it will be seen that at the moment the reverse reciprocation of the valve takes place the opposite ends of the valve are both in communication with atmospheric air. The reversal of the position of the valve cuts off the supply of fluid-pressure to the lower part of the cylinder,-opens the lower part of the cylinder to the exhaust, and admits the fluid.- pressure to the upper part of the cylinder, thereby producing the blow of the hammer upon the head of the rivet or the blow of whatever operating-tool may be attached to the piston. As soon as the outer end of the piston passes the duct 7"" fluid-pressure is admitted into the space at the outer end of the valve-head 0 and. the position of the valve is reversed, as before described, and the repeated blows of the hammer or other operating-tool will be produced, together with. accompanying controlling motions of the valve, the two working together to effectuate the desired results.

it is evident that certain changes and details are within the principles and scope of the invention and that certain parts may be used with others or to the exclusion of others,

may seem both desirable and according to the 'wbrk in hand and the results to be produced.

Having thus described our invention, what We claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pattent, is

1,. The combination of a fluid-pressure cylinder provided with an extension and a duct in the extension and open to the air, a piston working in the cylinder and provided with an extension part adapted to open and close the said duet, a valve-chest, a valve therein, means controlled by the valve for admitting trolled by the valve for exhaust and means controlled by the piston for admitting pressure (lulu from the cylinder to one part of said valve-chest to shift the valve in one direction, the aforesaid extension-duct also communicating with the same part of the valve-chest to shift the valve in the opposite direction.

2, The combination of a fluid-pressure cyl inder provider with an extension and a duct in the extension and open to the air, a piston working in the cylinder and provided with an extension part adapted to open and close the said duct, a valve-chest, a valve therein, means controlled by the valve for admitting llui i to either end of the cylinder, means controlled by the valve for exhaust and a duct (.Olll'lOllHii. by the piston for admitting pressure fluid from the cylinder to one part of sai i valvechsst to shift the valve in one direction, the aforesaid extc11sionduct also communicating with the same part of the valve-chest to shift the valve in the opposite direction.

I). The combination of a fluid-pressure cylinder provided with an extension-guide having a duct therein open to the air, a piston working in the cylint er and provided with an extension-shank adapted to open and close the said Quct, a valve-chest, a valve therein, means controlled. by the alve for admitting llnid to either end of the cylinder, means controlled, by the valve for exhaust and. means controllci by the piston for admitting pressure llllll from the cylinder to one part of said valve chest to shift the valve in one direction, the aforesaid cxtrnsion-duct also communicating with the same part of the valve-chest to shift the valve in the opposite direction.

4. The combination of a lluid- 'ircssure cylinder provided with an extension and a duct in the extension and open to the air, a piston working in the cylinder and proviicd with an extension part adapted to open and close the said duct, a valve-chest, a differential valve therein, means controlled by the valve for admitting lluid to either end of the cylinder, means controlled by the valve for exhaust and. means controlled by the piston for admitting pressure lluid. from the cylinder to nected with the piston and reciprocating in.

the cylinder extension and controlling the exhaust-duct thi'rcln, a Valve-chest having a pressure-fluid inlet, 2L valve reciprocating in.

said. chest and comprising a valve-stein sna l four valve-heads one of which is of less i iznneter than the others and is exposed on one given side to constant communication with the outer air anii another of which exposed, on an opposing side to connnunicatioi'i ith the exhaust-o not, anal means for establishing commnniciition between such. opposing side of the last-mentioned valve-head and the llui l- 'iressure cylinder while the valve-controlling exhaust-duct is closed by the piston cxtcnsion.

in testimony Whcrcoi we have affixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN H. ALLEN. 'lllOliziAS VICKERS.

Vl itnosses:

ALBERT V. '1. DAY, HENRY BARNES. 

